Foundations Of Senior Management

Managing People - A Broad View
Change

Skills & Tools

• unfreezing
• changing
• refreezing

unfreezing

• change equation
  A = the individual's or group's level of dissatisfaction with the way things are
  B = the individual's or group's shared vision of a better future
  C = the existence of an acceptable, safe first step
  &
  D = the cost to the individual or group
  change is unlikely unless
  A + B + C > D
   
• commitment chart
   

changing

• Problems
   
  • Implementation took longer than originally envisaged
     
  • Major new problems surfaced during implementation
     
  • Co-ordination of activities was not effective enough
     
  • Competing crises and activities distracted attention from implementation
     
  • Capabilities of the people involved were not sufficient
     
  • training and instruction were inadequate
     
  • Uncontrollable external factors had an adverse effect on implementation.
     

refreezing

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