Foundations Of Senior Management

Managing People - A Broad View
Groups & Teams

Motivation

• Maslow (needs)
• Equity theory
• Expectancy theory
• Goal setting

Maslow (needs)

• Physiological
   
  • food
     
  • drink
     
  • shelter
     
• Safety
   
  • Protection against
     
    • danger
       
    • threat
       
    • deprivation
       
• Love/belonging
   
  • belonging
     
  • acceptance
     
  • friendship
     
• Self-esteem
   
  • reputation
     
  • status
     
• Self-actualization
   
  • self development
     

Equity theory

• inputs=outcome
   
• more outcomes for more inputs
   
• fewer outcomes for fewer inputs
   

Expectancy theory

• expectancy
   
  • increased effort = increased job performance
     
    • capability
       
    • objectives
       
      • clear
         
      • measurable
         
    • Outside factors
       
• instrumentality
   
  • improved job performance = desired outcomes
     
    • clear performance and reward
       
• valence
   
  • Increased pay
     
  • less chance of being dismissed
     
  • intrinsic satisfaction
     

Goal setting

• set themselves
   
  • Mullins 1993
     
    • behaviour
       
      • needs
         
      • values
         
• demanding
   
  • not unobtainable
     
    • increased effort
       
• commitment
   
  • goal
    » See also: effort & performance
     
  • goal difficulty
    » See also: effort & performance
     
• needs and values
   
  • goals / intentions
    » See also: effort & performance
    » See also: consequence and feed back
     
    • effort & performance
      » See also: goal difficulty
      » See also: goal
      » See also: goals / intentions
      » See also: consequence and feed back
       
      • consequence and feed back
        » See also: goals / intentions
        » See also: effort & performance
         

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